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1 делать ассигнования
Banks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > делать ассигнования
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2 выделять средства
2) Naval: fund3) Construction: bankroll4) Economy: allow for in the budget, appropriate5) Finances: appropriate resources6) Diplomatic term: allocate funds for, make allocations for7) Banking: lay out -
3 равновесие с налогами
Термин "ненаблюдаемый сигнал" стар, но его существующее значение возникло недавно. В XIX в. исследования по "проблеме ненаблюдаемых сигналов" старались определить влияние на основные отрасли (например сельское хозяйство), которое могло побудить ненаблюдаемый сигнал оказывать воздействие на цены. Современная проблема заключается в том, чтобы определить, каким образом наблюдаемый сигнал может, тем не менее, оказывать воздействие на цены посредством ожиданий. — The term "sunspot" is old, but the current meaning is recent. In the XIX century, research on the "sunspot problem" tried to determine the influence on the fundamentals (e.g., on agriculture) that could make an unobservable signal (sunspots) have an effect on prices. The modern problem is to determine how an observable signal with no influence on fundamentals can nonetheless have, via expectations, an effect on prices.
Вопрос [впервые поставленный Кассом и Шеллом (1983)], который нам предстоит рассмотреть, заключается в том, способны ли в этих обстоятельствах равновесные по Раднеру распределения задавать изменяющиеся потребления на состояниях. Равновесие, в котором это происходит, называется равновесием с ненаблюдаемыми сигналами. — The question we shall address [first posed by Cass and Shell (1983)] is whether in these circumstances the Radner equilibrium allocations can assign varying consumptions across states. An equilibrium where this happens is called a sunspot equilibrium.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > равновесие с налогами
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4 тактическое равновесие
равновесие, установившееся локально изолированное — locally isolated steady state equilibrium
равновесие, установившееся локально изолированное и детерминированное — locally isolated determinate steady state equilibrium
В силу независимости оптимальных по Парето распределений от состояний и в силу первой теоремы благосостояния мы приходим к важному заключению: если организация системы полных рынков на состояниях S возможна, то равновесия свободны от ненаблюдаемых сигналов, т.е. потребление равномерно на состояниях. — From the state independence of Pareto optimal allocations and the first welfare theorem we reach the important conclusion that if a system of complete markets over the states S can be organized, the equilibria are sunspot free, that is, consumption is uniform across states.
Оптимальные по Парето равновесия без ненаблюдаемых сигналов всегда существуют (просто заставляют рынок "не обращать внимания" на ненаблюдаемый сигнал). — Sunspot-free, Pareto optimal equilibria always exist (just make the market "not pay attention" to the sunspot).
равновесия по Нэшу, совершенные, с неуверенным игроком — trembling-hand perfect Nash equilibria
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > тактическое равновесие
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